China sends message to Japan, U.S. with massive military drills encircling Taiwan

China’s military kicked off large-scale, end-of-the-year military drills around Taiwan on Monday, delivering warnings to Japan and the United States in addition to the self-ruled democratic island.

The military operations were announced by the People’s Liberation Army Eastern Theater Command as including joint army, navy, air force and rocket force troops in an exercise dubbed “Justice Mission 2025.”

The forces are engaged in an encirclement of the island involving five areas in what the PLA said are sea-air combat readiness patrols, joint seizure activities, and practice blockades of key ports and other island zones.

At least 89 PLA warplanes and 28 warships were spotted during the first day of the exercises on Monday.

The PLA command also released an unusual saber-rattling video featuring graphics that show large numbers of missile-firing drone aircraft, underwater and surface attack drones and swarms of small attack drones all launching missiles or torpedoes against Taiwan.

Robot soldiers armed with rifles and small ground drones were also shown.

The latest military exercises come amid increased tensions with Japan over recent statements by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi suggesting Tokyo would defend Taiwan from an attack and an $11 billion U.S. arms sale to Taiwan that Beijing denounced as aiding separatist forces.

The Pentagon and U.S. Indo-Pacific Command had no immediate comment on the latest war games.

President Trump and his administration have scaled back criticism of China in recent weeks as part of a campaign to reach a trade deal with Beijing.

The commander of the Indo-Pacific Command, Adm. Sam Paparo, has said large-scale Chinese military exercises near Taiwan are actually rehearsals for an invasion or blockade.

Video shown on state media included images of Type 054A frigates and Type 052D guided-missile destroyers approaching Taiwan from the north, southwest and east, with several ships visible off the eastern coast, as well as the outlying islands of Matsu and Wuqiu.

Aircraft images shown included J-20 stealth fighters and J-16 jets alongside KJ-500 early warning aircraft.For the first time since the PLA began conducting large-scale exercises in August 2022, the military said the exercise include “all-dimensional deterrence outside the island chain” — a reference to expected Japanese and U.S. military operations in response to a Chinese military assault.

Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Lin Jian lashed out at the United States in commenting on the drills over recent U.S. arms sales to Taiwan.

“External forces using Taiwan to contain China and arming Taiwan would only embolden ‘Taiwan independence’ separatists and push the Taiwan Strait towards danger,” Mr. Lin said.

The PLA is dispatching bombers, amphibious assault ships and anti-ship missiles for the exercises, according to state media reports, noting expanded zones “inside and outside the island chain” stretching from Japan through Taiwan and into the South China Sea.

The drills included live firing of weapons systems, reports stated.

The Chinese Communist Party-controlled Global Times said the latest exercises are aimed at “neutralizing the enemy at maximum range.”

“With vessels and aircraft approaching the Taiwan island in close proximity from different directions, troops of multiple services engage in joint assaults so as to test their joint operations capabilities,” PLA Senior Col. Shi Yi, spokesman for the command, said. “It is a stern warning against ‘Taiwan Independence’ separatist forces, and it is a legitimate and necessary action to safeguard China’s sovereignty and national unity.”

Taiwan’s government denounced the military exercises as China’s latest provocation.

“We strongly condemn the PRC’s irrational provocations and oppose the PLA’s actions that undermine regional peace,” the Defense Ministry stated on X. “Rapid Response Exercises are underway, with forces on high alert to defend the Republic of China and protect our people.”

The ministry released its own video showing U.S.-made F-16s taking off and warships patrolling waters around Taiwan, along with anti-missile defenses being readied. In seeking to counter PLA information narratives on the exercises.

Taiwan said the Chinese Communist Party recently carried out various forms of military “harassment, disinformation cognitive operations and other compound threats around Taiwan and in the Indo-Pacific region, escalating regional tensions.”

“This kind of ‘militaristic and bellicose, putting the cart before the horse’ threat is precisely the main cause of disrupting regional peace,” the ministry said on X. The ministry said, “Defending democratic freedom is not provocation, and the existence of the Republic of China is not an excuse for aggressors to destroy the status quo.”

“The CCP’s targeted military exercise this time further confirms its nature as an aggressor, the greatest destroyer of peace, and also proves that we need to accelerate the construction of a highly resilient, comprehensive deterrent defense capability,” the ministry said, noting Taiwan seeks “peace through strength.”

Defense analysts said the surrounding exercises are not limited to practicing an island blockade as seen in the presence, according to state media, of a PLA Type 075 amphibious assault ship that would carry both troops and military vehicles during an invasion.

The Pentagon’s latest annual report on the Chinese military lists several options for Beijing’s drive to annex Taiwan, including a blockade, invasion and large-scale missile attack.

The report, made public last week, said the PLA is making steady progress in its 2027 goal of making a “strategic decisive victory” over Taiwan, “strategic counterbalance” against the United States in the nuclear and other strategic domains, and “strategic deterrence and control” against other regional countries.

“In other words, China expects to be able to fight and win a war on Taiwan by the end of 2027,” the report said.

The Pentagon believes China is determined to coerce Taiwan into unifying with the mainland.

“It does not merely seek to deter Taiwan from formally declaring its independence; instead, it seeks to apply near constant pressure on Taipei to reach meaningful but coerced progress toward unification on Beijing’s terms,” the report said.

Official Beijing statements in recent years repeatedly omitted past references to seeking peaceful unification. Instead, China has stepped up military operations around Taiwan.

The increased coercive activities “indicate that Beijing is seeking to compel Taipei’s unification through a concerted pressure campaign, combined with positive inducements, rather than only deterring independence.”

The PLA pressure campaign targeting Taiwan included “response exercises” like the latest drills that are carried out during periods of heightened tensions.

PLA intrusions into Taiwan’s air defense identification zone have increased from 1,641 in 2023 to 3.067 in 24, the latest figures in the Pentagon report.

Two major PLA exercises in 2024 called Joint Sword “simulated joint blockade operations around Taiwan, including the China Coast Guard publicly highlighting an encirclement of Taiwan during the second iteration.”

The stepped-up Chinese military operations around Taiwan come as the Trump administration is focusing its military power on Venezuela.

Mr. Trump declined to say how he would respond to a military assault on Taiwan during a television interview last month.

Asked what the U.S. military would do if the PLA attacked across the 100-mile Taiwan Strait, Mr. Trump said: “You’ll find out if it happens. And he understands the answer to that.”

The president was referring to Chinese President Xi Jinping.

Earlier, Mr. Trump said he was promised by the Chinese leader that China will not attempt to militarily annex Taiwan, which Beijing views as a breakaway province, during Mr. Trump’s administration.

Chinese state television CCTV quoted Zhang Chi,  professor at the National Defense University, as saying the exercises were aimed at “decapitation”, meaning “simulating strikes against key symbolic targets of ‘Taiwan independence’ separatist leaders.”

“The PLA possesses formidable capabilities to precisely sanction the principal instigators of ‘Taiwan independence’ at any time,” Mr. Zhang said.