President Donald Trump’s sweeping legislative package—dubbed the “One Big, Beautiful Bill” cleared the U.S. House of Representatives early Thursday morning in a narrow 215-214 vote, marking a major legislative win for House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., and the Trump administration.
The bill passed with just two Republican defections: Reps. Thomas Massie, R-Ky., and Warren Davidson, R-Ohio. Rep. Andy Harris, R-Md., voted “present.”
All House Democrats opposed the measure.
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The legislation is a multi-trillion-dollar package encompassing key elements of President Trump’s 2024 agenda, including tax policy, immigration enforcement, energy production, national defense, and deficit reduction.
“THE ONE, BIG, BEAUTIFUL BILL” has PASSED the House of Representatives! This is arguably the most significant piece of Legislation that will ever be signed in the History of our Country! The Bill includes MASSIVE Tax CUTS, No Tax on Tips, No Tax on Overtime, Tax Deductions when…
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) May 22, 2025
Speaker Johnson managed to unite most of the fractured House GOP Conference after marathon negotiations that extended more than 48 hours.
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The bill was introduced in the House Rules Committee at 1 a.m. on Wednesday and passed the full House just after 7 a.m. Thursday.
“It quite literally is morning again in America,” Johnson said.
“What we’re achieving today is nothing short of historic.”
PASSED: ONE BIG BEAUTIFUL BILL ACT pic.twitter.com/AiE3w1eo2p
— Speaker Mike Johnson (@SpeakerJohnson) May 22, 2025
Democratic lawmakers attempted numerous delay tactics, including a series of floor amendments and procedural motions.
House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., delivered a speech lasting over 30 minutes before the vote, criticizing the bill’s priorities.
“This bill represents a failed promise,” Jeffries said.
“We’re now more than 120 days past the inauguration. Costs aren’t going down, they’re going up.”
Tempers flared in the chamber as debate stretched into the early hours.
At one point, Rep. Steve Womack, R-Ark., who was presiding over the House, warned Jeffries to refrain from directly addressing Republican members.
Jeffries responded, “Every time I’m interrupted, that’s going to add another 15 minutes to my remarks.”
Speaker Pro Tempore: It is important for the decorum of the institution for you to do the same.
Jeffries: Every time I’m interrupted, it’s going to add another 15 minutes to my remarks pic.twitter.com/ERAouYh7ZF
— Acyn (@Acyn) May 22, 2025
The bill seeks to make the Trump-era 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) permanent and expands on it by eliminating federal taxes on tips and overtime pay.
It also provides increased tax deductions for senior citizens for a four-year period.
On immigration and border security, the bill allocates $25 billion to launch construction of a “Golden Dome” national defense shield and increases funding for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) operations.
To offset these expenditures, the legislation proposes $1.5 trillion in federal spending cuts, targeting programs including Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).
It imposes new work requirements for able-bodied adults on Medicaid and SNAP, and reduces SNAP spending by 20%.
The bill would also eliminate green energy tax credits implemented under the Inflation Reduction Act signed by Joe Biden.
Trump has pledged to repeal that law in full.
Additionally, the legislation includes provisions to end federal funding for transgender medical treatments for adults and authorizes $12 billion to reimburse states for costs incurred while resisting the Biden-Harris administration’s border directives.
To address internal party disagreements, especially among conservatives and members representing high-tax states, GOP leaders introduced late revisions.
One change accelerates the implementation of Medicaid work requirements, initially slated for 2029.
Another expands the state and local tax (SALT) deduction cap from $10,000 to $40,000 for individuals earning less than $500,000 annually.
Rep. Chip Roy, R-Texas, expressed cautious support but signaled concerns remain.
“There are things in the executive space, executive actions that we think could take care of … some of our concerns on the Medicaid expansion,” he told Fox News Digital.
“This transformational legislation permanently extends President Trump’s historic tax cuts, provides unprecedented funding for border security, and obliterates the last four years of catastrophic Democratic policies,” said Rep. August Pfluger, R-Texas.
Rep. Mike Haridopolos, R-Fla., stated, “President Trump and House Republicans made a promise to the American people to secure our border, protect seniors, cut taxes on tips and overtime, and shut off the spigot of benefits for illegal immigrants.”
With the bill now passed in the House, attention shifts to the Senate. Several Republican senators have indicated they will push for changes, especially regarding Medicaid and SNAP reductions and the SALT cap adjustment.
Unlike the House, the Senate GOP does not include representatives from high-tax blue states.
Both chambers must pass an identical version of the bill before it can be signed into law by President Trump. GOP leaders have set a goal of sending the final bill to the White House by July 4.
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